Alcoholism Essays (4186 words) - Alcohol Abuse, Alcoholism

Liquor addiction liquor addiction Definitions and causal variables of liquor addiction Liquor addiction comprises of a dreary admission of mixed refreshments to a degree that the consumer is hurt. The mischief might be physical or mental; it might likewise be social or monetary. Understood in the origination of liquor addiction as an illness is the possibility that the individual encountering rehashed or enduring injury from his drinking would adjust his conduct in the event that he could. His inability to do so shows that he can't support himself, that he has lost power over drinking. This origination consolidates the possibility of fixation or reliance. Formal meanings of liquor addiction change as indicated by the perspective of the definer. A shortsighted, good old clinical definition considers liquor abuse a malady brought about by constant, extreme drinking. An absolutely pharmacological-physiological meaning of liquor abuse arranges it as a chronic drug use unmistakable by the requirement for expanding dosages to create wanted impacts and by the event of a withdrawal condition when drinking is halted. This definition is deficient, since liquor abuse doesn't take after different addictions in the requirement for expanded portions. Opium addicts become adjusted to and require as much as many occasions the typical deadly portion, however the expanded adds up to which heavy drinkers become adjusted are well beneath the ordinary single deadly portion. Additionally, the withdrawal conditions in liquor abuse happen conflictingly, in some cases neglecting to show up in similar people who experienced them already and obviously never hap pening in certain people who can't be recognized from affirmed drunkards. Social as opposed to pharmacological-physiological signs are substantially more steady and solid in characterizing and diagnosing liquor abuse. An advanced definition speaking to present day originations of complete medication groups liquor abuse as an infection of obscure reason, without conspicuous anatomical signs, showed by dependence on or reliance on liquor. An increasingly thorough definition fusing the viewpoints of both mental and physical medication perceives that liquor abuse might be either a side effect of another fundamental, conceivably mental, issue or an illness itself: liquor addiction, in this view, is an interminable and normally dynamic malady or an indication of a hidden mental or physical issue, portrayed by reliance on liquor (showed by loss of power over drinking) for alleviation from mental or physical misery or for satisfaction from liquor inebriation itself, and described likewise by an utilization of mixed refreshments adequately extraordinary and steady to cause physical or mental or social or monetary handicap. Here, the origination of malady without a doubt lays on the proof of disablement. The different definitions that depend on the side effect of loss of power over drinking frequently consider the loss of control to comprise of a powerlessness to quit drinking once it is begun, suggesting that the alcoholic can decide not to take the primary beverage. Yet, the more exhaustive definition considers the to be as beginning a drinking scene since he can't hold back. Nor does the loss of command over drinking remain constant constantly. Likewise with indications in numerous ailments, the loss of control is dynamic in many drunkards just conflictingly. This implies a heavy drinker isn't generally compelled to drink and can once in a while oppose drinking, or, on the off chance that he drinks, he can now and then beverage in a controlled manner. The irregularity of the loss of control is, be that as it may, predictable with a meaning of liquor abuse dependent on learning brain science: liquor abuse, in this definition, is an educated (or molded) reliance on (or dependence on ) liquor that overwhelmingly actuates resort to drinking at whatever point a basic inward or natural boost (or sign) introduces itself. This definition leaves space for the origination that liquor abuse may begin as an indication of a fundamental issue, which instigates the learning of the alcoholismic design, and that once the example is fixed or adapted it might turn into an ailment in its own right (that is, a fixation), fit for enduring even the vanishing of the first hidden reason. A few scholars who view liquor abuse as fundamentally a manifestation don't really buy in to the possibility that it is found out, despite the fact that they perceive that it might advance to the condition of an essential malady. Liquor addiction is a diverse wonder requiring more than one definition. Disease transmission experts need a definition that will empower them to recognize heavy drinkers inside a populace not accessible for singular assessment. Such a definition may depend on an amount and-recurrence estimation of drinking

Advanced Management

There is no equivocalness in saying that best in class the board is an arrangement, ploy, position, example and viewpoint as it adjusts interior movements of associations with outside components. The general vital administration of associations is resolute from key administration of connections, typically the responsibility of the advertising or correspondence department.Strategic the board bolts taking choices and activities that settle long haul hierarchical execution. The procedure includes technique definition, culmination, evaluation, and control. It underlines checking and evaluating ecologically created chances and restrictions considering hierarchical qualities and weaknesses.Essentially, propelled the executives is a vehicle for giving forward-looking authority concerning the most fundamental issues of worry to an association and its environmental factors in a decided, productive, and significant manner.At the core of the movement is â€Å"the collective administration of a key plan that changes as an association's issues and openings change. Powerful propelled administration is a center type of key administration needs concentrated, nonstop, and aggregate worry of senior management† (Eadie and Stein bacher, 1985, p 425).The motivation behind key administration is to help define, execute, and assess cross-practical choices so as to help the association in accomplishing its drawn out destinations. The vital administration process is viewed as â€Å"an objective, coherent and deliberate methodology for settling on significant choices in an organization† (David, 1997: 6) in which both examination and instinct have a job to play.Another acknowledged point of view (Pearce and Robinson, 1997) stresses data moves through interrelated phases of investigation. It implies:The interconnectedness of all procedure components;The consecutive character of methodology definition and implementation;The need of progressing input to evaluate the accomplishm ent of techniques as they are implemented;The need to see vital administration as a powerful framework (parts of the procedure are continually developing; formal arranging must â€Å"freeze† them to accomplish its aims).http://www.ic.polyu.edu.hk/esh/KB/management_strategic/Koch(1999).pdf.Advanced the board involves the setup of a vital administration gathering to give authority for the procedure. Distinctively, the structure of this gathering will involve the C.E.O., top-line chiefs, and key official staff individuals. In a little association, for instance, the key administration gathering may contain the chairman or the city administrator and the leaders of various working departments.It is the obligation of the propelled supervisory group to give the design for creating and modernizing key plans and for managing their acknowledgment in all regions. As cutting edge the board is a constant procedure, the key administration bunch must meet on a typical premise to give systems , screen improvement, assess proficiency, and by and large continue a mutual spotlight on the vital agenda.This includes recognizing recently encouraging key issues, gauge issues and open doors as they create, adjusting methodologies, and provide guidance and command over consummation intends to going before the vital plan productively. Inconsistently, it might outcome in the improvement of new vital initiatives.The business condition has changed definitely since the approach of web. Business associations have embraced extraordinary rebuilding by altering their methods for correspondence and synchronization of work exercises. Web has made it guarantee for organizations to chip away at an ongoing premise, whereby items and administrations are passed on to the opportune spot at the privilege time.Since at that point, web has engendered and has experienced noteworthy upgrades. Expenses have supported to decrease as these new innovations have developed. A business not bolstered by a sys tem of PC frameworks (essential data innovation) is pretty much bound to come up short, since it will be unable to contend productively in the present unpredictable and dynamic environment.Companies are not by any means the only ones who have picked up from progresses in current data innovation. Purchasers and intrigue bunches have made vital collusions and now fit to organize their exercises just as trade thoughts and contemplations through various database and system systems.For example, proprietors of PCs can buy in to a PC arrange and without trouble recover data on the items and enterprises on line. Such data can likewise without issues be transmitted to different users.This immense utilization of web by the two customers and organizations influences, yet the manner in which business is run today. These purchaser key collusions know no geological confinements; intermittently, they are worldwide in nature, especially among the industrialized nations.As organizations can get in h uge benefits from the better coordination, more prominent item flexibility, improved quality, less fatty creation, and additional time sensitive intensity that web offers, they likewise exteriors the danger that can emerge out of these customers' vital partnerships. For example, companies can no longer disregard purchaser requests for consistent item quality, unwavering quality and regard for the earth, or opportune conveyance of services.As we advance toward an ever increasing number of trend setting innovations, the work power must be retrained. This preparation must not just open specialists to the specialized issues abutting the new procedure yet additionally to the new focal point of the organization.They must be made responsive of the significance of cutting edge innovation in improving work techniques and in staying serious. Representative impulse to the new procedure is imperative.Advanced innovation without anyone else increases the value of an association. There ought to b e authoritative just as representative commitment to misuse the innovation to the greatest. For example, with ever-expanding utilization of PC incorporated assembling frameworks, and the surge of specialized documentation that goes with it, workers must be talented of perceiving the basic data at the privilege time.Once that data is perceived and appropriately deciphered, there must be a hierarchical commitment to utilize the data to settle on better choices. Without this potential, the association can't exploit from internet.Advanced the board, subsequently, will persevere to be a basic factor in the endurance of any association. We summarize the impact of data innovation on HR as follows: ·Internet changes the method of correspondence and work processes. ·Custom or normalized activities are supplanted with gifted and multi-talented specialists. A very prepared work power is wanted to oversee internet. ·Worker inspiration and fulfillment may improve since laborers are not, at this point limited to routine tasks, appreciate the executives controls, and can add to advancements in their work processes.Internet likewise affects the association itself, as follows: ·Organizational reorganization is required. This reconstruction makes the association level. Dynamic forces are decentralized. ·Communications are better and the association is proficient to make opportune reactions to its environment. ·Introduction of new items and administrations is improved and assortments of items can be productively presented and advertised by the organization. ·The association is able to improve its effectiveness, quality, and competitiveness.Today's trend setting innovation can, on the other hand, effortlessly become a fundamental innovation. A fast increment of web additionally brings quick out of date quality of prior innovations. Strategies concerning web must not be static; they should continue developing. Tail (1988) calls attention to that â€Å"competitive bi t of leeway is a steadily moving objective . . . The best contenders, the most flourishing ones, realize how to continue moving and consistently remain on the cutting edge.†

A Movie Review: Girl with a Pearl Earring

The film is Peter Webber's adjustment of a novel by Tracy Chevalier about the splendid craftsman, Johannes Vermeer.Girl with a Pearl Earring is superbly created and enthralling. Much credit ought to go to the creation individuals behind it, as they effectively made every scene resemble a work of art. That way, they are being reliable not simply to the book where the film originated from, however to the splendid craftsman who once lived in the individual of Johannes Vermeer. The film all in all was an amazing show-stopper and a fitting tribute to a striking artist.What I like the most about the film is their decision of music, which is simply suitable for the seventeenth century Delft. It is additionally important that they had a young lady in the cast, Grit (Scarlett Johansson), who was made to truly look like Vermeer’s painting, as though predetermination (and maybe great beauty care products) had made it happen.The film viably shows Johannes Vermeer (Colin Firth)’s ch aracter as a by and large quiet man. He invested a ton of energy simply standing quietly and examining his condition from various unnoticeable corners. This is maybe representative of his inborn attributes as a man.In hate of his inclination, Vermeer was pressured to go to stupendous social events with the end goal of his craft acknowledgment. Be that as it may, he required a lot of isolation on the off chance that he could just choose for himself. Aside from there was not a great deal of decisions for him. All things considered, he required the pretentious get-togethers requested by the first class Venetian culture to win a living for his family and himself. It is intriguing to take note of that when he passed on in 1675, he previously had eleven (11) children.Come 1665, Johannes Vermeer painted a puzzling perfect work of art, an artistic creation of a unidentified model who clearly postured for him. Previously, there had been a couple of speculations and definite hypotheses that c hose accepting that the work of art was that of one of Vermeer’s girls. Nothing has been affirmed, however. This is the place the film turns with much fascinating twists.Then Griet (Scarlett Johansson) was introduced.Grit was beautiful and appealing, and it shouldn’t be difficult to envision why a craftsman that is normally attracted to excellence would be keen on her.Griet, similar to Vermeer, is one who is no more unusual to isolation. In any case, in contrast to the isolation of Vermeer, Griet’s isolation has a great deal to do with her terrible status in the segregating Delft standing system.Vermeer and Griet shaped a bond, which finished in his making a work of art of her. The scene where he gives her his show-stopper was moving. The two entertainers were persuading and the lines they said were touchy for the human mind.When Griet tells Vermeer, ‘You've seen into me,' the association was more than uncovered. It was celebrated.The film, in general, is striking and certainly worth viewing. A few scenes †like when Vermeer was instructing Griet the stunt of playing with the light for catching sensible workmanship †were unforgettable.The film’s cinematographer Eduardo Serra, creation planner Ben Van Os, and craftsmanship chief Christina Shaeffer, all merit a series of praise for having made a moving picture out of the still canvases of a virtuoso.

Customer Buying Behaviour free essay sample

This paper researches the connection between free factors which are shopping way of life of customers, design inclusion of buyers, pre-choice stage and post-choice phase of shopper buy conduct with the attitudinal and social parts of motivation purchasing conduct. This investigation endeavors to investigate the affiliation exists between the factors in question, by tapping the reactions of 165 respondents from higher salary bunch in the region of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The significant discoveries of the examination exhibited a general powerless relationship of the arrangement of autonomous factors with the reliant variable in any case, the inside and out investigation found that pre-choice phase of customer buy conduct is the main variable that came about into solid relationship with the motivation purchasing conduct. It’s genuine that youngsters all the more frequently get pulled in to items showed on store retires and has more noteworthy inclination of motivation purchasing conduct yet consequences of this paper indicated no relationship of drive purchasing in higher pay gathering of youngsters having pervasive drive purchasing propensities. This investigation detailed new confirmations in the field of drive purchasing conduct of customers relating to the nearby markets of the twin urban areas of Pakistan. Watchwords: Shopping way of life, design contribution, pre-choice stage, post-choice stage, Impulse purchasing conduct, Pakistan. 1. Presentation Stores are where purchasers purchase items whether it’s arranged or impromptu buy. These stores sell hundreds and thousands of items day by day and customers are expending these items at the expense of their pay. It just wards on the salary of the individual, that how much and ow ordinarily the person visits shopping stores to purchase items. It is generally observed that purchasers buy items which they have not arranged and this wonder of spontaneous buying is named as drive An Empirical Study of Consumer Impulse Buying Behavior in Local Markets 523 purchasing. In past inquires about, specialists and researchers have attempted to quantify drive buying of various sorts of items in numerous shopping stores as it is accounted for by Bellenger et al. (1978); Du Pont (1965); Kollat and Willett (1967), Prasad (1975); Williams and Dardis (1972). In Pakistan there are four sorts of value records; Consumer Price Index (CPI), Wholesales Price Index (WPI), Sensitive Price Index (SPI) and GDP Deflator, which are utilized to figure swelling. Among these pointers, the significant accentuation is on CPI as a proportion of swelling, which covers 375 things in 71 markets of 35 urban communities of the nation (Economic Survey, 2006-07). The normal CPI esteem in the period (1990-00) was 9. 71 and it was 5. 8 in (2000-07). It is likewise observed that the expansion rate in most reduced salary bunch was 8. with the salary running from underneath 3,000 up to 5,000 Rupees when contrasted with the expansion pace of 7. 3 in the upper levels of pay having pay of in excess of 12,000 Rupees. Subsequently, we can say with certainty that the buying limits of family units lying in upper level of pay in Pakistan have expanded when contrasted with lower salary gatherings. Here it is basic to cite the rate portions of the pay bunches referenced previo usly. The 20% lower salary bunch in Pakistan holds 9. 65 percent of the all out salary share and the 20% of the most noteworthy pay bunch in Pakistan holds 41. 2% of the absolute pay share where as rest goes to center salary bunch which is 48. 63% involving 60% of the all out pay gathering (Federal Bureau of Statistics, 2004-05). These figures are cited here to fabricate a system where we further expand this examination. Presently, the figures introduced prior showed that there is a propensity of drive purchasing in higher pay bunch in Pakistan as their pay level unmistakably demonstrates this pattern. In this investigation in excess of 80 percent of the respondents (see annexure) were identified with the higher level of pay having pay more noteworthy than 12,000 Rupees every month. Expanded extra cash just as credit accessibility has brought about expanded drive purchasing propensity among shoppers in the retail condition as announced by Dittmar and Drury (2000). So as to tap this conduct of drive purchasing in the shopper, we have chosen regions of Rawalpindi and Islamabad to start our exploration. We are meaning to explore that whether higher salary bunch having pay more prominent than 12,000 Rupees have arranged or impromptu purchasing conduct. The essential inquiries we need to explore in this examination study are as per the following: Q1: What is the degree of relationship between shopping way of life and drive purchasing conduct of customers of higher salary bunch having extra cash, shopping in the region of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? Q2: What is the degree of relationship between design contribution and motivation purchasing conduct of customers of higher salary bunch having extra cash, shopping in the zone of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? Q3: What is the degree of relationship between pre-choice stage with respect to buying and motivation purchasing conduct of buyers of higher salary bunch having discretionary cashflow, shopping in the territory of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? Q4: What is the degree of relationship between post-choice stage in regards to buying and drive purchasing conduct of buyers of higher salary bunch having discretionary cashflow, shopping in the zone of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? 2. Justification of the Study It is seen that shopping center proprietors attempted to abuse driving forces, which are related with the fundamental requirement for moment fulfillment. A purchaser in the shopping store may not explicitly be looking for the confectionary merchandise like, desserts, chocolates, bubble gums, mints and rolls. In any case, related confectionary things showed at conspicuous spots will unquestionably pull in buyer’s consideration and trigger drive purchasing conduct in them. This wonder can without much of a stretch be comprehended with the assistance of two standards/powers as a piece of mental survey of writing, which deciphers motivations as the outcomes of these contending standards/powers. These standards are top notch in the papers of Freud (1956) and Mai,et al. (2002). These standards are expressed beneath: 524 Muhammad Ali Tirmizi, Kashif-ur-Rehman and M. Iqbal Saif a. To start with, the joy guideline b. Second, the truth standard The joy rule is identified with quick fulfillment felt by shopper while the truth guideline is identified with deferred delight. There is consistently a progressing rivalry between these two powers spoke to as standards inside the purchaser when they enter a shopping store with the goal to purchase. As an outcome drive related conduct defeats them since motivations are generally hard to oppose and include planned pleasurable encounters, as of investigation of Rook (1987). In this paper we are keen on discovering relationship among factors (see Research model and sub models) with respect to spending of upper salary bunch individuals paying little heed to linkages of these factors to various motivation purchasing behaviors identified with expanded gatherings of purchasers. This paper will positively increase the value of the current information base and all the while give us fortitude to enjoy further development inquires about in the field of the executives sciences. This examination is likewise helpful for retailers and producers who need to improve their comprehension with respect to buyer drive purchasing conduct. 3. Reason for the Study The motivation behind the examination study is to test the relationship of the free factors that are; shopping way of life, design association, pre-choice stage, post-choice stage in regards to customer buying with the needy variable that is; drive purchasing conduct of buyers who shop in the territory of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. 4. Writing Review Showcasing and buyer analysts over the time of forty years have attempted to get a handle on the idea of motivation purchasing and characterized this phrasing in their own points of view, for which some examination discoveries are talked about here. In an exploration directed by Cobb and Hoyer (1986), motivation purchasing was characterized as a spontaneous buy and this definition can likewise be found in the examination of Kollat and Willett (1967). In another examination by Rook (1987) detailed that drive purchasing ordinarily happens, when a customer feels a mighty inspiration that transforms into a craving to buy an item in a split second. Beatty and Ferrell (1998) characterized drive purchasing as prompt buy having no past point or goal to buy the product. Harsh (1962) found that items purchased without really thinking are generally modest. Shopping way of life is characterized as the conduct showed by buyer with respect to the arrangement of individual reactions and suppositions about acquisition of the items as announced by Cobb and Hoyer (1986). They find that shopping way of life and motivation purchasing conduct are firmly related yet just on account of drive purchasers. The examination additionally expresses that drive buyers fell in the center as of the estimation apparatuses utilized by the specialists, showed that buyers won't pick the main brand they seen in the shopping center. In inquires about led by Cha (2001); Han et al. , (1991); Ko (1993) it is accounted for that drive purchasing conduct in regards to design items are related with designs like modest, rehashed feelings just as style arranged motivation purchasing practices. These realities were additionally cited by Park et al. (2006). The meaning of style inclusion fundamentally identifies with attire related with stylish ensembles. The discoveries of Han et al. (1991) cited in light of design contribution of customers, that it may improve style arranged motivation purchasing practices among the individuals who constantly wear style outfits. Fairhurst et al. (1989) and Seo et al. (2001) found an immediate relationship among style inclusion and clothes buy. Positive feelings are characterized as influences and temperaments, which decide force of customer deci

Uses of Bioinformatics in the Biotechnology-Samples for Students

Question: Set up a Report that Illustrates Some of the Uses Of Bioinformatics in the Biotechnology And/or Research Sector. Answer: Prologue to the general field of bioinformatics. Bioinformatics instruments are significant in principal examine on the developmental hypotheses and useful cases of the protein plan. They are utilized in biotechnology and different parts of natural research. Different methodologies and calculations that are utilized in such examinations incorporate; arrangements of the structure and successions, expectation of the optional structure, characterization of proteins and progress of protein articulation in the cell cycle (Felix et al., 2005). In this article, we will talk about the employments of bioinformatics in biotechnology, organic sciences and clinical research basically looking at the general field of bioinformatics, sorts of information associated with bioinformatics and the utilizations of bioinformatics in the logical procedure. Rana (2012) contends that genome sequencing and the examination of the X-beam structure have prompted gigantic measures of structures and successions of numerous proteins into established researchers. The data got from such examination can be utilized in natural and clinical research successfully, on the off chance that one can decipher the data they give suitably (p.10). Two kinds of computational strategies can be utilized in the investigation of such information these remember reproductions of the full particles for sub-atomic elements or the bioinformatics approach (Rana, 2012, p 11). Bioinformatics is a field in natural sciences that includes measurable examination of the structure and groupings of proteins. In addition, it helps in the explanation of the genome, understanding its capacity and anticipate structures. All things considered, the procedure is conceivable when the protein arrangement data is accessible. Bioinformatics has gotten a significant unrest organic sciences with integral assets that give huge data. They are the most intricate and useful assets in natural sciences by and by. Moleculardynamics and sub-atomic displaying recreations study the collapsing and elements of proteins (Rana, 2012, p.12). As indicated by the National Institute of Health, bioinformatics is engaged with research, improvement and utilization of instruments in calculation to broaden the clinical, social and natural information. Notwithstanding that, it assists with obtaining, store, sort out and decipher data. Bioinformatics has been utilized in the Human Genome Project, which has pulled in much enthusiasm from analysts and encouraged the examination of a lot of bio information. The information should be broke down because of the advances made in atomic science strategies (Kumar, 2015, p.2). Rana (2012) further delineates that bioinformatics has prompted significant disclosures in medications and medication, plant sciences science moreover, it has helped pharmaceutical organizations to set aside cash, time and the executives of enormous natural information. Notwithstanding that, its points incorporate sorting out information for analysts to increase simple access to data, to create information examination apparatuses and decipher data in an important manner. Besides, bioinformatics gives accessible devices to investigate information and decipher results (p.14). Research territories in bioinformatics incorporate genomics, proteomics, and PC helped medicate structure. Notwithstanding that, investigate regions further incorporate natural databases, natural information mining, microarray informatics, sub-atomic phylogenetics, (investigation of a living beings at the sub-atomic level so as to accumulate data on phylogenetic connections of living beings) and agro informatics (agrarian informatics that manage plant look into) (Rana, 2012, pp. 13-18) Sorts of Data in Bioinformatics. Kraulis (2001) underlines on the expanding nature and accessibility of organic information; a marvel has required formation of databases whose sole intention is to gather information, arrange it in a structure that is significant and guarantees simple translation (standard. 1). Databases have been arranged into various structures to keep up request inside the logical procedure, improve openness to data and decrease redundancies. Besides, so as to facilitate the entrance to information, it is imperative to initially have the required data and look for it from the suitable database (Kavitha, 2012). Databases are ordered by the information that they oblige. The sorts of information incorporate one, biomolecule successions, proteins and nucleic acids, for instance, EMBL, DDJB, Genebank, PIR and Swiss-Prot. Two, bio-atomic structures with models, for example, PDB. Thirdly, we have lists of sources or logical literary works and their models incorporate Scopus and PubMed, these are web indexes and some are free while others expect membership to get to content. Notwithstanding that, we have quality articulation profiles, hereditary clutters and entire genome arrangements (Kavitha, 2012). The information or data has sources that are classified into essential databases, optional databases, composite databases and coordinated databases. Essential databases have atomic information introduced in its underlying structure. Instances of essential databases are GenBank, for groupings in nucleic acids, Protein Data Bank (PDB) for atomic structures, PIR (Protein Information Resource) and SWISS-PROT for protein arrangements. They contain mixes of information, for example, quality groupings from mRNA or genomic DNA, genome arrangements, chromosome successions, commented on sections and halfway or complete passages (Welcome Genome Campus, 2017). Auxiliary databases have data gotten from essential information examination and it is progressively helpful and applicable. Moreover, the data is organized to meet explicit enunciated prerequisites. Instances of optional databases incorporate UniGene and Eukaryotic Promoter Databases, which are auxiliary databases that are grouping based. The developmental and auxiliary connections between the known structures of proteins is depicted by SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins).The various leveled characterization of structures in proteins is remembered for CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology) (Welcome Genome Campus, 2017). Composite databases are collections of optional information and they are simpler to use since they permit the client to get to all data that is pertinent from one source as opposed to associating with different assets. The NCBI database (National Center for Biotechnology Information) is one best composite databases. Notwithstanding that, it incorporates numerous essential and auxiliary databases, for example, PubMed, Genbank, and OMIM. NCBI is a free online database for getting to quality groupings of phyla and species. The database incorporates quality alleles and changes, quality arrangements, protein successions and genome pathways (Lesk, 2008). At long last, incorporated databases have information from various living beings that are connected. They are significant for contemplates including genomic connections in living beings, they additionally show relations in development inside life forms. These kinds of examinations are significant in phylogenetics since qualities that take into consideration articulation of characteristics of financial worth can be recognized in plants. For instance, Arabidopsis thaliana incorporated databases give genome and transcriptome grouping information connecting a Brassica types of monetary worth and a life form that goes about as a model (Lesk, 2008). Besides, there are other striking kinds of databases, for example, SGN (Sol Genomics Networks) for living beings, for example, potato, tomato, eggplant and the pletunia. Vegetable Base for Glycine max and Lotus japonicas. Bean qualities for Vigna species and Phaseoulus. Gramene databases for rice, maize, grain, wheat, oats and foxtail. Plant Transcript Assemblies Databases for a few plant animal categories. Aphid Base databases for a few aphid animal types and SYSTOMONAS databases for biotechnology and the disease of Pseudomonads .Human Aging Genomic Resources (HAGR) for the hereditary qualities and science of maturing in people. FLYMINE databases for Anopheles and Drosophila genomics (Seung et al., 2006). A few databases can be converged based on a living being's ordered character. The merger of databases prompts arrangement of incorporated databases. By and by, chip away at the investigation of the genome and transcriptome of numerous species has begun. Subsequently, the work has grown more databases that are organ explicit. They incorporate Chlamydomonas Center green growth for green alga, Medicago.org for Medicago truncatula, Soybase for soybean, Oryzabase for Oryza species (rice), FLYBASE for Drosophila and OMIM for hereditary disarranges. They gather information got utilizing different methods utilized in contemplating plant frameworks which incorporate linkage maps, microarray information, transcriptome and genome sequencing (Seung et al., 2006). Huge numbers of these databases are gotten through sites that compose the information such that a client can undoubtedly get to it on the web. Notwithstanding that, same information can be downloaded from sites in a different organizations. The configurations incorporate grouping information, content connections and protein structure. These configurations can be found from given sources, for example, OMIM and PubMed that give content organizations, GenBank that gives succession information as far as DNA, and Uniprot as far as protein lastly, protein structure are given by CATH, SCOP and PDB((Lesk, 2008). Uses of bio-informatics Vaccine disclosure The accessibility of genomic information, registering assets, innovation, immunogenetics, and the better comprehension of the safe procedure has prompted antibody investigate (Shanju Shangeetha, 2013). The study of opposite vaccinology and judicious structure of antibodies are the new markers of immunization improvement in future, the techniques have been utilized to consider peptide immunizations. The protein antigen in a viral genome that delivers a resistant reaction is examined and afterward incorporated to a peptide antibody; this is utilized being developed of immunizations against different infections, for example, coronavirus and flu (Smith, 2003). Gregory (2010) states that the ongoing headway in techno

Demand Generation Techniques How to Generate Sales for a New Business, Brand or Product

Demand Generation Techniques How to Generate Sales for a New Business, Brand or Product One of the first considerations when setting up a new business, creating a new product, or introducing a new brand, is the existing â€" or even potential â€" need in the market. Is there a need for that new product? Will the business be able to meet that need? If the answer is yes, then entrepreneurs have a glimmer of hope of making sales.In order to be able to capitalize on that need, it’s just a matter of ensuring that the needs are fully identified, and that you are able to deliver when it comes to satisfying the need.But what if there is very low demand for that product? Worse, what if there is no demand for it at all? Does that mean you should withdraw your intentions of setting up your new business or brand? Should you forget about introducing that new product or service, even if you truly believe in its potential? Should you give up, even before you’ve begun?That is certainly an option. But there is another one which is going to require a lot from you, but when done right, it could mean the success of your new venture.So how will you generate sales of your new product or service, build your brand, and make your business grow and succeed? © Shutterstock.com | macknimalStart by working on the demand. There is no demand? Then work on generating it. For that, there are several demand generation techniques that you can use.WHAT IS DEMAND GENERATION?Marketing plays a vital role in how a business establishes a relationship with its target customers and how it retains and grows revenue from and through that relationship. Depending on factors surrounding the market and the business, marketing strategies are designed and programmed, consisting of activities that are all aimed at generating sales and boosting the company’s profitability.Among these many activities is demand generation or “demand gen”, the marketing strategy that aims at driving the awareness and interest of consumers in the target market in the products and services offered by a company, for the purpose of generating revenue and increasing the overall results of operations.Before we go any further, there is a need to clarify several issues that cause con fusion.“Demand generation” is different from “demand creation”Demand creation is, as the phrase implies, all about creating demand for a product, service or brand that does not exist. Demand generation, on the other hand, is for products, services or brands that, although new, already exist. In other words, the business is already up and running, operations are underway, and the products and services are already in existence or in the market. The only problem is that the market is unaware of that fact.Demand creation strategies, on the other hand, are employed under any of the following conditions:If the business is planning on launching a new product, service, or brand;If the business is entering a new market or a new niche, and it wants to know if there is demand for its products or services in that market or niche; andIf the market is completely unaware of the company’s brand, and it is unsure of whether there is demand in the market or not.Essentially, the company will try to make the customers think and believe that they need the product or service, even when they’ve never had a need for it before. Demand generation will be used after the demand has been successfully created.Between the two, demand creation is decidedly the strategy that requires more from the company: more time, more costs, more resources, and certainly more patience.“Demand generation” is different from “lead generation”These two are often used interchangeably since many marketing people often perform them simultaneously.Demand gen will drive awareness and interest of the market, as well as their trust and authority in the products and services that a company or brand has to offer. Meanwhile, lead gen focuses more on what comes next after demand has been generated, and it is time to “close the deal”, so to speak. In other words, through lead gen, the demand will be reaped or “harvested” by reaching out to the customers who need â€" and therefore, demand â€" t he product or service, and convert them into buying customers. This will mark the beginning of the sales cycle.The difference between the two may also be seen in how they treat leads. In lead gen, a lead is a lead, regardless of whether the lead has potential for conversion or not. Demand gen takes a more comprehensive tack, subjecting the prospects or leads to a scoring or qualification process, nurturing and turning them into qualified opportunities. Lead gen focuses mainly on using content and other tools or efforts to collect information such as names and contact details of prospects. To put it simply, unlike lead gen, demand gen is more concerned with finding the right customers so that it can increase the company’s conversion rates and, consequently, sales and profit.Out of all the other techniques for acquisition of customers or drawing attention to one’s brand, demand generation is the approach or method with a long-term outlook. Its concern is turning prospects into cus tomers and building a long-term relationship with them. It wants to build a loyal customer base, not just one-time purchasers.DEMAND GENERATION PROGRAMIn order to ensure the success of a company’s marketing program, a holistic approach must be taken when it comes to its demand gen strategies. A marketing team may be designated as the key players or point personnel of the company’s demand generation program; however, its implementation will span the whole marketing department, and other units that are indirectly involved in the company’s marketing activities. Involvement of the sales team is also inevitable, considering how demand gen is used to bridge gaps between marketing and sales, to reach the customer or target market.The Demand Gen program focuses on the identification of receptive audiences, or prospective customers that are likely to be open or responsive to the messages crafted and delivered by the brand. This is often done through various techniques such as inbound m arketing, content marketing, email campaigns, tradeshows and events, and direct response campaigns, to name a few.The prospects, once identified, are then passed onto the next stage (Lead Nurturing) to qualify whether they are genuine leads or not. The qualified prospects or leads are then moved on to the hands of the Sales team.A successful demand gen program must have these three components:The goal of your demand gen program. You have to be clear on what you want to achieve or accomplish throughout the process of implementing the tactics and techniques.The players or actors. Who are directly and indirectly involved in the activities, and what are their roles and responsibilities?The methods or activities. These include all the activities and efforts performed, and the techniques and tactics employed, all geared towards identifying and engaging customers.DEMAND GENERATION TECHNIQUESAt first, it may seem like a daunting task. Fortunately, there are several tried-and-tested demand g en techniques that marketing teams can employ in order to generate sales for their products and services and boost their brand.When talking about demand generation techniques, you can probably name a lot of inbound marketing techniques. You wouldn’t be wrong, since inbound marketing â€" or the creation and use of quality content to promote a product, brand or company â€" is one of the several types of demand generation activities. But we will be more specific in identifying techniques to generate demand and boost sales and revenues.1. Have a positive introductionWhat is the best way to let someone know who you are? You should go up to that person and introduce yourself directly. This approach â€" straightforward and with impact â€" should also be the approach you should take to introduce your new brand, product or service.Set up a website, and use it properlyThe internet has leveled the playing field for businesses, allowing even small and new businesses to have a fighting chance against bigger and more established competitor companies. A large majority of consumers now turn to the internet, which influences their preferences and even their buying decisions.Invest in creating a website for your brand or, if you are introducing a new product, use your website as a launch pad. It goes without saying that the website must be properly maintained, regularly updated and kept current. If it is a blog, update it consistently and regularly, and update it with relevant and useful content.Offer free valueConsumers definitely wouldn’t say no to freebies, which is why this is seen as an effective technique in piquing their interest. Companies launching a new product may opt to give free product samples to give customers a taste of what to expect. For service companies, it could be a free offer of a new service. It may also be in the form of a free tool or a free resource that the target audiences would want to use.When using this technique, be sure to offer your best s tuff, and the items should have real value. You want to make a very good first impression, so you should offer the best that you have. When done properly, giveaways will lead the audience to look at you and your brand positively, turning them into qualified prospects that will eventually become loyal customers that will keep coming back to patronize your brand.Speaking of a free tool or resource, a good example would be how Sprout Social, the developer of software and other similar solutions, created Landscape, an image resizing tool for social media professionals, content creators and business people. This has increased visits to the site, as well as the trials by Sprout Social, resulting in more customers for the company.Offer great dealsThis may no longer be new to you: a brand tries to entice customers to try a new product for the first time by offering a discount on their first order. The discount must be substantial or significant enough to make the prospect decide to buy it o r not. He will buy the product to give it a try, and if he likes it, he can repurchase at the regular price. You have just successfully conducted a demand gen activity, one that boasts a successful conversion.2. Content marketing techniquesAnyone can make web content, but there is web content that can generate leads, while there is web content that can generate demand. Your goal is to apply content marketing strategies that are specifically directed at generating demand.Create high quality contentThis is the first rule and the most important technique in content marketing. A company may have all the promotional tools at his disposal, but if the content is of poor quality, it won’t be able to get even a passing glance from customers.In order to create high quality content, there are several factors to be considered, but the most important is the target: the prospect or target customer. Who is he? What are his content preferences? What influences his buying decisions? Keep these in mind while creating the content or the marketing message you want to convey to the target audience.Go multimedia and multichannelThese days, creating high-quality content is no longer enough. Thanks to the emergence of various content creation tools, anyone can now create content that is of high quality. One tactic adopted by several leading marketing teams is to create a wide variety of content and promote it in as many channels as they can.The biggest challenge here is that it may prove to be costly and time-consuming, especially for new companies. Another option, and one that is highly recommended by marketers such as Timothy Peters of IntelliResponse, is to invest in the creation of one content strategy, ensuring that it is strong and of high quality, and “repurposing” it in different mediums, to be promoted in different channels.Peters calls this technique “atomization”. For example, a business’ decided its content strategy to be the conduct and completion of an indus try research which, when conveyed to the target audience, will raise their awareness about the company’s brand and offerings.First, the content will be created on white paper, in narrative form, released in the form of newsletters, and even eBooks. Next, its creative team will come up with an infographic based on the content narrative, which makes it ideal for promotion through blogs and websites. Images will also be created purposely for sharing on social media as well as other places online. The company also plans to make use of YouTube and other video streaming utilities, so videos are also created.Use video content marketingFor the longest time, the “default setting” when it came to creating web content involved the use of documents and images, with increasing emphasis on graphics and visual design. But not everyone has the patience (and often, ability) to read and analyze. Therefore, your goal is to find a way to deliver the marketing message, and have them understand it within seconds, or even a split-second.You may take the straightforward approach: it can be a video demonstrating how to use the new product you are introducing, or what its benefits are. It can also be an introduction to the brand, giving the viewers a closer look at that brand’s offerings.Consider presenting case studies, but in video format. Broach the subject of presenting a case study to someone, and you are likely to be met with a flat look or a non-committal reaction. After all, case studies, especially pages and pages of it, are hardly thrilling reading material.But if you use video format in presenting the case study, you will increase the chances of your case study being watched, and your message being received.Any hard data that you will present to back up the marketing case study for your product or service is easier to present in video format, and definitely easier to share with the target recipients. Timothy Peters suggested the video case study to be created with †œgreat storytelling, pleasing visuals”, and factual and actual results, in order for it to be effective and successful.Content syndicationYou have high quality content that is, without a doubt, high-performing. But how long can that high performance be sustained, ensuring that it is able to attract new prospects even after a considerable time has passed since it was first used?That is where content syndication comes in. This involves working with third-party media partners that have established good reputations as prospects or lead providers. In this relationship â€" and it is a relationship, so you have to make sure you choose your partners well â€" you are basically giving someone else the right to use and promote your content, which is tantamount to giving your content away.All is not lost, however, since the rights over the content will still remain with you, and the promotion by the third party will result into conversions that will be to your benefit.The following are exampl es of content syndication tactics that you can try:Creating guest posts for other sites, and sharing others’ guest posts in your own site. Many industries have such publication sites where you can reach out to increase your brand exposure.Cross-posting blog posts with established publisher sites such as Quora, LinkedIn, and Huffington Post.Joining paid syndication networks that will host your content about your new product or brand, and promote them within their network. Examples are NetLine, Integrate and DemandWorks.3. Take advantage of social media marketing tools and techniquesThere are several social media platforms that have proven to be excellent tools in individuals’ and businesses’ marketing efforts for their brands. As such, they are seen as indispensable aids in the implementation of demand gen programs. Therefore, you should utilize social media in zeroing in on your target audiences.When using social media for business, consider using paid social advertising, sinc e it offers more features that will allow businesses and entrepreneurs to reach more audiences. Free social advertising can only get you so much and bring you so far, and your demand gen efforts may not bear the results you want.Use audience segmentation on FacebookIf you already have a list of your best customers, or those that provide the highest value, you can use your (paid) Facebook account to identify and reach similar customers. How do you do that?From your audience list, you will create a separate list, or a segment, consisting of your best customers. Using Facebook’s Audience Manager Feature, you can use that custom segment list to generate a “lookalike audience”. The great thing about this is that you do not have to manually set the parameters, since Facebook will do it for you, using its data points and based on the social profiles of the customers in your custom segment list.Use LinkedIn AdsLinkedIn has made it possible for businesses to target and reach the right audiences, and that is through its LinkedIn Ads feature.It will start with the content you post or upload on LinkedIn Ads. The click-through results will be analyzed, and the findings will be used to identify the audiences that should be targeted, since they demonstrate higher potential for conversion.Conduct webinars and other online eventsStrictly speaking, a webinar â€" or a web-based seminar â€" may not be strictly classified under “social media”, but we will include them here since they are essentially online gatherings.Using a video conferencing software, you may introduce your new offering or brand through a presentation or a lecture transmitted over the Web. Or you can come up with a workshop or seminar on a resource that will reference your brand, and conduct it online, in real-time, allowing interaction with the audiences. If you are introducing a new product, the webinar may focus on educating the market on the problems that will be solved by the new product. This is a wonderful opportunity to create a need for the product â€" a need that the customer is unaware of.The interactive aspect of this strategy is what makes it a great opportunity for demand generation. You can answer the questions of the audience and go in depth greater than you can possibly do in an infographic or a press release about your new offering.4. Strengthen your email marketingIf you are bombarding those on your email list daily with random emails, just to remind them of your company or brand’s existence, that is not demand gen. It is actually more of a lead gen, because your focus is reaching as many prospects as you can, instead of reaching out to the right prospects.How do you strengthen your email marketing?Assess the performance of your email campaign. This may be done through split testing or A/B testing the emails, from the subject line to the content and the call to action. For example, compare two emails by simultaneously sending them to several target customers, and the one that is able to turn them into qualified prospects will be the better performer.Provide relevant email content. The content you include in the email must be relevant to the readers, so as to appeal to them and engage them. The content should be something they would be interested in and would actually want to read. Give them something to look forward to, so they will anticipate receiving emails from you.Maintain an updated and clean database. Take a look at your list and clean it regularly, removing unresponsive targets, if any. Previous email campaigns may also reveal some inactive or inexistent email accounts. Those have to be removed as well, since they will only clutter your database.5. Establish connections with the right partnersSome of the demand gen partners that you should focus your efforts on striking solid and productive partnerships are:Industry authorities or experts. In short, the “superstars” in the industry or niche that your company belongs to. If y ou are going to conduct a webinar, for example, the one to headline it should be someone with credibility and influence. No one will be interested to check out or join a webinar with unknown speakers.Key influencers. Essentially, they are the movers and shakers in the industry. For example, a company with a demand gen process focused on a new clothing line for women will try to partner with top fashion bloggers, who are deemed to be influencers in this specific area. Build and nurture a good relationship with them, and soon they will create positive content about your brand, and aid in your demand gen efforts.Partner marketers. This is a quid pro quo relationship; I scratch your back, you scratch mine. Basically, you will co-create content with another company or brand. That content will be delivered to that company’s audience as well as yours, so both audiences will be aware of the other company or brand. With these, you just effectively increased your reach, and widened your poo l of prospects.There are no fixed guidelines on how a company’s demand gen program should look like, because it will depend on several factors, such as the nature of the business, the product, the market and the target audiences, and other internal and external factors. Implementing a demand gen program takes a lot of work, and it is not something that can be accomplished overnight. It is a process, often a long and tedious one, but it is one of those things that must be done, if a business hopes to see its revenues and sales go up.

Persuasive Communication Direct Or Indirect Approach To A Message - 2200 Words

Persuasive Communication: Direct Or Indirect Approach To A Message (Term Paper Sample) Content: Persuasive Communication Name Institution Date 1 What variables would you consider to determine if you should use direct or indirect approach to a persuasive message? When delivering a message, you have to decide either to get to the main point direct at the beginning of your message or delay it. Whether the message is good news or bad news helps in deciding which approach to take. Also, if you are persuading a small group, an indirect approach is better and vice versa. 2 What contents would you consider incorporating to persuade potential customers to purchase solar panels for their home? Ethical appeals such as quoting experts in your content. Many shoppers nowadays research before buying. Quoting experts in the solar industry will prove the credibility of your solar panels. 3 What the ‘process’ of persuasion entails According to Harvard business review, (issue 1998) persuasion involves ‘establishing credibility, framing to find common ground, providing vivid evidence and connecting emotionally.’ These are the main objectives of persuading. 4 Which other characteristics of writing can build or undermine credibility? Inaccurate statements destroy your credibility because they show readers that you are careless. Use of filler words which waste the readers time should always be avoided. clear, consistent and complete writing is important as this shows the readers that you are serious about your work. 5 Why is it important to ensure that research is done well when using logical appeals? The logical appeal is based on evidence and reasoning. When you use logic to persuade and your audience buys your idea it means you used logical appeal effectively. Reasoning that lacks evidence will end up in a dead end. To gather enough evidence, you need thorough research. 6 Provide an example of a recommendation that you have accepted or been persuaded to accept that was based on a logical and/or emotional appeal. Why was the appeal effective? What led you to accept the recommendation? My weight had increased and my parent became worried. They recommended that I should stop eating junk food and do regular exercises. I accepted their recommendation because they showed me how excessive weight results in lifestyle diseases such as obesity. They also showed me the importance of being healthy. The recommendation was helpful to me as I figured out that I needed to reduce my weight. 7 How can goodwill help you build a persuasive customer claim? Goodwill messages are selfless and sincere messages which comes as a pleasant surprise to the customer. Goodwill messages ask for specific favours and action. By acknowledging the importance of the customer claim acts as a good step towards writing a persuasive customer claim. 8 Give an example of how you might use internal and external benefits to help persuade teams to perform better. Some individuals in an organization are not working up to their expectations they are not completing their task on time. First, you can meet them in their workplace and speak to them directly. This gets the point right and direct as its clear and concise. Inviting each involved employee for a private conversation with open-ended questions who in turn will share with other employees will help improve their performance by realising their senior’s cares. 9 What makes analysing the audience even more important when planning bad news messages than when planning routine messages? Routine messages quite often require a direct approach such as informing employees of a meeting you go straight to the point. When communicating bad-news you need to first prepare your audience this mostly requires indirect approach. For example, you need to convince a junior staff to accept a task of management magnitude. 10 Provide an example when a buffer may be unnecessary and even inappropriate. Many people apply for new jobs and it's always obvious that few will be picked. For this case organizations should inform the applicants that only the shortlisted candidates will be contacted hence eliminating the need for a buffer. When writing bad-news messages, which evaluation issues should you consider beyond those you might consider when writing routine messages? Negative news is not easy to deliver; therefore, one needs to have a clear goal in mind, a clear and neutral opening and clearly understand the reader. You should also maintain respect and privacy Part 2 1 Cross-cultural communication requires you to use clear language. What are some of the other challenges of communicating across cultures? Culture’s have their own set of rules which are taken for granted. Each culture has its own behaviour. For example, looking the other in the eye may be regarded good in some cultures. Non-verbal communication is important in cross-culture communication. Some culture also gets emotional while debating some issues which can affect a person from another culture. 2 What are some key elements of text messages that you should avoid in professional emails? When writing a professional email, you should avoid extra words which might undermine your message. Avoid filler phrases. They should also be as formal as possible to avoid informalities. Avoid using text abbreviations in your email as they have no place in professional emails. 3 Illustrate the causes of cognitive and affective conflicts. Conflicts always linger differently in people’s mind. Some embrace conflict positively while others see it as a deterrent that should be avoided. Cognitive conflict arises as a result of a task or issues that need to be solved. People engage each other in debates to get the best solution. In affective conflict, differences bec...

Analysis Of The Book The Boy Of The Striped Pyjamas

The boy in the Striped Pyjamas I have read many books in my lifetime. One of the main books that I have enjoyed is The boy in the Striped Pyjamas. The book is about the friendship of two 8 years old kids sharing their birthdate in 1940s Nazi Germany, Shmuel and Bruno, a jewish and a german. In this paper I will talk about what this Holocaust novel about, and the symbolism that are latent in this documented horror, viewed throught the innocence of a chid eyes. In the book Bruno is upset when he find out that his family is moving from the fancy life in Berlin to a new countryside place called Auschwitz. This place is a concentration camp in the II World war, a structure of German Nazi and extermination camp managed for the 3rd Reigh in Polish spaces, becoming a extensive location of the tyrants solution to the Israelite question. Bruno is sad about the new house and complaint to Elsa, his sister Gretel and the maid, Maria. He notices that in this place in the middle of nowhere everybody is unhappy or nobody giggle. In his new bedroom from the window he sees far away a strange fence farm with a lot of kids and adults wearing striped pyjamas appear to live and the kid is not certain who are they. He has no friends to play with and gets tired with exception of going in an adventure. Along the strange barbed-wire fence he’ll meet Shmuel, the kid of Boyne’s story . In his mansion he is encircled by his dad’s troopers inclu ding a despicable one called Lieutenant Kotler and theShow MoreRelatedBoy in Striped Pajamas1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Boy In Striped Pajamas: A Movie Analysis The film is an emotional experience highlighting the tragedy of innocence, using the point of view of an eight-year-old German boy to expose the raw psychological devastation of the era. Its an unnerving film with a knockout punch for an ending, but it feels more acceptable as an educational piece than a profoundly rewarding work of drama. This movie is based on a book that goes by the same name, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, written by John BoyneRead MoreBoy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Boyne has created a sophisticated and meaningful novel in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas through his thematic analysis of power which explores society’s perception of authority; his symbolic representation of the fence which starkly exposes Bruno’s ignorance of cultural divisions; and ï ¬ nally, his characterisation of Mother revealing the fraught atmosphere during the Holocaust. The theme of power is explored in this novel through authoritative ï ¬ gures and their presentation in society.TheRead MoreLiterature Review Outline : The Boy In The Striped Pajamas1164 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review Outline: The Boy In The Striped Pajamas â€Å"The Boy In The Striped Pajamas† weaves a thread of intricate and compelling details through the description of each event that occurs within this book. For example, this novel features a descriptive scene where Bruno (protagonist) encounters a fence, which holds many Jews captive; this event takes you on a journey where you can experience the border that divides us, and how we may deal with that border - as Bruno faces. John Boyne hasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Boy Of The Striped Pajamas 2429 Words   |  10 PagesLiterature March 30, 2015 The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Introduction ​Most people view the Holocaust as one of the worst things that has ever happened in human history. It’s very difficult to argue this belief. Not only were millions of people killed in battle, but millions were killed outside of battle. After his murder of over six million Jews, Adolf Hitler became regarded as one of the most hated and evil people in the world, and still is today. The Boy in the Striped Pajamas is a novel based onRead MoreA Paradox Of Innocence : An Essay3669 Words   |  15 Pagesof Innocence: An Analysis of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Introduction As a child, we are focused on the small aspects of life. We worry about eating ice cream on a hot summer day or when we will get the opportunity to go out on a cold snowy day and go sled riding with our friends and drink hot chocolate. We are fully focused on such basic childlike desires that we are completely unaware of serious events happening around us or in this case right next-door. As a nine-year-old boy, Bruno has no ideaRead MorePersonal Project4460 Words   |  18 PagesPersonal Project: Book Review Blog - Phase 4 Searage Arabi 10A Supervisor: Miss Oznur Australian International Academy Tables of Contexts Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................†¦.. Page 3. About My Personal Project †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 3. Area Of Interaction (AOI) Used †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page 4. Plan Layout †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4. Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCreating A Collaborative Process Among Students3453 Words   |  14 Pagesindividuals. †¢ Select right procedures to interact with students individually. Their view to the class and whole process must be taken care of. Right methods to be developed for each and every student. Interest of students on different categories like book, games, and toys must be recorded. Their approach with different elements must be taken care of. Reading and writing quality in the initial stages and changes in the quality must be noted and analyzed (Cameron, 2009). A description of the scenario

Anorexia Nervosa Essay - 1527 Words

Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa, AN, is an eating disorder that affects mostly females in their teenage years. The number of people that suffer from this disorder has increase in the recent decades making it a disorder that causes more deaths compare to any other psychological disorder. AN can have an effect on someone’s social life as well as physically and psychologically. It’s a disorder that can be treated with proper treatment, but identifying the symptoms is the first step. According to the present clinical literature, anorexia nervosa entails refusal to uphold health weight range as well as body image distortion. The most common symptoms of AN that can be identified include fear of gaining weight or/and becoming fat; refusing†¦show more content†¦All those constant ideas created by society and media gives a drive to individuals to diet constantly, use diet pills and to develop unhealthy eating patterns that could develop into an eating disorder .(Gay,2003 pg 86) Individual characteristics such as perfectionism, poor self-image are more at risk of developing AN. People that suffer from AN don’t see their body as perfect and feel ashamed or embarrass of their body which can lead them to isolation and fear of eating in public. They might focus and exaggerate on certain parts of their body that show imperfections to the point where they become obsess. Their self-esteem is very dependent in their weight. When weight loss is reached it gives the person a sense of achievement and pride giving boosting up their self-esteem, but when no weight is loss the feelings of guilt and failure lowers their self-esteem. . (DSM –IV-TR,2000). While AN normally starts to be noticeable in early adolescence, it could also be seen in adults and young children. AN is likely to affect people in industrial societies like the U.S., Canada, and Europe. More often, Caucasians in upper and middle socioeconomic groups have a higher tendency to be affected by AN than individuals of other ethnic and economic backgrounds. Roughly, 95% of those affected are female, most commonly teenage girls. It is estimate that about one in every one hundred teenage girls has this eating disorderShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa1947 Words   |  8 Pagespeople who do. If we were to look the world as a whole, we would realize that from every 100 teenage girls, 1 to 5 suffers from Anorexia(EDV). As defined by the National Eating Disorders Association, â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.† (NEDA). The term â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† literally means â€Å"neurotic loss of appetite†, and could be more generally defined as the result of a prolonged self-starvationRead MoreEssay on Anorexia Nervosa 1763 Words   |  8 PagesDavis 1 Anorexia nervosa is defined as a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, in addition to a disturbance in perception of body shape and weight( DSM-IV-TR, 2000). In this paper we will examine Carolyn Costin’s battle with anorexia nervosa from a biopsychosocial perspective and what reinforced her disorder. This will be followed by diagnostically using the DSM-IV-TR in Carolyn’s case and conceptually using the sociocultural dimension. The implications for both Carolyn,Read MoreUnderstanding Anorexia Nervosa1008 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, with more than 10% of those that suffer from it will die. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is categorized by severe food restriction, excessive exercise and body dysmorphia, which leads those that suffer from it to believe that they are overweight. Anorexia nervosa is commonly misunderstood by the general public. Research has disproved many of the previous thoughts about anorexia nervosa. According to the scientificRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia Nervosa I have chosen to study about Anorexia Nervosa because I would like to know more about this topic and why people do it to themselves. I wonder why young people in particular feel that they need to be so thin. In this assignment I would like to study mainly on why teenage girls feel so conscious about their bodies, what they feel about the way that women are portrayed in the media and the effects of Anorexia Nervosa. To be able to cover thisRead More Anorexia Nervosa Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pages Anorexia nervosa is a life threatening eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain fifteen percent of a normal body weight through self-starvation (NAMI 1). Ninety-five percent of anorexics are women between the ages of twelve and eighteen, however, â€Å"†¦in the past twenty years, this disorder has become a growing threat to high school and college students†(Maloney and Kranz 60). Anorexia produces a multitude of symptoms, and if not treated, anorexia can lead to permanent physical damage or deathRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay2312 Words   |  10 PagesAnorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder that is most prevalent in adolescent girls and young women. It is distinguished by the loss of at least 15% of the expected body weight (Long). The disease is characterized by the obsessive fear of gaining weight; through this fear, the person engages in dangerous dieting habits that prevent weight gain. According to statistics in 2011 anorexia is categorized as the third most common chronic disease among adolescents, in addition, eating disorders also haveRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesare either overweight or just not good enough. With implying that it might result in some type of eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa. This obsession of being thin has rapidly increased over the years and is still accelerating.(DSM) This type of disorder, mainly appearing in females has over five million cases and one million in males.(family dr) Most kids with anorexia are usually perfectionist, or the kids who do extremely well in school and focus on pleasing others. (guide) Most people denyingRead MoreThe Trauma Of Anorexia Nervosa953 Words   |  4 PagesThe trauma of anorexia Let’s start saying that in my family two of them had or still have anorexia: my cousin and my aunt. It has been a pain in the heart. For years, I was afraid of the magnitude of this mental disorder. Anyway, this disorder is something that intrigued me for a long time, so I am going to try to transmit the pain it can release this disorder to the family and mainly to the person who actually has it. The mental disorder, called: anorexia nervosa, is a disorder characterized byRead MoreBackground History of Anorexia Nervosa1452 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Anorexia nervosa’s (AN) first descriptions began during the twelfth and thirteenth century with the historical Saint Catherine of Siena (Deans, 2011). It is related to participating in religious functions and medieval practices of self-starvation (Deans, 2011). Furthermore, the death of popular singer, Karen Carpenter in 1983 created the societal awareness about the effect of anorexia nervosa and become widely known at the end of the twentieth century (RaderRead More Anorexia Nervosa Essay examples657 Words   |  3 Pages Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight. A disturbance in perception of body shape and weight is an essential feature of anorexia nervosa. It appears to be far more present in industrialized societies, in which there is an abundance amount of food and in which being considered attractive is linked to being thin. The disorder is most common in countries like the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and Japa n. More than 95% of cases of anorexia nervosa

The Cordillera Administrative Region Profile - 2268 Words

THE CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION * Dubbed as the â€Å" Watershed Cradle of North Luzon† - because it hosts 9 major rivers that provide continuous water for irrigation and energy for Northern Luzon (it will start here the various rivers, the Cagayan River and the Agno River / â€Å"La Montaà ±osa† * Is the Philippines’ only land locked region * It is consisted of the 6 provinces – Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province. * It encompasses most of the areas within the Cordillera Central mountain range of Luzon – which is the largest range in the country * The region is home of the numerous indigenous tribes which are collectively called the Igorot * It has a total population of 1, 728, 687 up to date * The†¦show more content†¦7878 (R.A. 7878) which was signed, by then, President Fidel V. Ramos on February 14, 1995 that the province of Kalinga – Apayao was converted into two separate and regular provinces, t his was ratified (approved) in a plebiscite (poll / survey) that was held on the 8th of May 1995 * However, it was required by the Constitution that the act, R.A. 6766 has to be ratified by the people in a plebiscite, which was originally scheduled on the 27th day of December 1995 but was reset to the 30th day January 1996 by the virtue (benefit) of the Commission on Elections – by then, it was only the Ifugao who voted favorably to make the region autonomous * Through the Republic Act No. 8438 (R.A. 8438) dated December 22, 1997, it was then created the Cordillera Autonomous Region – then on January 1998, a group of lawyers challenged the constitutionality of the act, a plebiscite was held again on the 9th day of March 1997 but then the act was invalidated, the region was created but reduced to a regular administrative region THE PROVINCES OF THE CORDILLERAShow MoreRelatedExpo Research1794 Words   |  8 Pagesmarketing tool, the people who were in charge of the booth were only giving the book to the people who look like or are foreigners. The one thing that I remembered the most was their tagline â€Å"Live your dreams in the Philippines.† †¢ CAR- Cordillera Administrative Region- Benguet The Benguet package relies on the psychographic segmentation of the market. The province is targeting the adventure seekers, and people not used to the lower class of living. During the expo, the main marketing tool usedRead MoreEarth Science5934 Words   |  24 Pagesvolcanos vent, creating the low-profile layers of lava that are characteristic of these volcanoes. The Hawaiian Islands are actually the tops of gigantic shield volcanoes rising from the ocean basin. * Shield volcanoes, the third type of volcano, are built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. Flow after flow pours out in all directions from a central summit vent, or group of vents, building a broad, gently sloping cone of flat, domical shape, with a profile much like that of a warriors shieldRead MoreSelf Medication Practices in a Rural Filipino Community21296 Words   |  86 Pageswas a descriptive cross- sectional question based study. The study was conducted in 3 rural, agricultural lands, municipality in three different provinces wherein 2 municipalities were accomplished around the Region 2 while the remaining one was conducted in Cordillera Administrative Region. The 300 respondents’ of the study was family in a rural community which was randomly selected. A questionnaire was approved by the research protocols and was given to the family and the medical-decision- giver

A Study of Cotton Trade and Trade in Africa Essays

A Study of Cotton Trade and Trade in Africa History of Cotton The word cotton is derived from the Arabic word ‘qutun’ or ‘kutun’ which is used to describe any textile that is very fine. Cotton is one of the oldest known fibers in the world, which has been found by archeologists during the course of excavating ancient civilizations. Traces of cotton fiber were found to exist over 5000 years ago, when archeologists were excavating a cite in Mohenjo Daro, which lies in the Indus Valley in West Pakistan. Alexander the great and his army brought cotton goods and material to Europe around 300BC. However, the price of these cotton goods was so expensive that only the rich could afford it. The southern states of America started growing†¦show more content†¦Water requirements for the cotton plant depend on the weather conditions, though a successful harvest requires at least 75 centimeters of rain or irrigation water on average. More about cotton Cotton is the shortest commercial textile fiber. The cotton plant that is grown commercially grows to a height of about 1.2 meters. The cotton plant is fairly drought tolerant, though it requires a regular and adequate moisture supply to produce profitable yields. Cotton is grown in over 90 countries over the world, out of this 90 countries, 75 of them are developing countries. Although cotton is grown in both hemispheres, a higher percentage of cotton is cultivated in the Northern hemisphere. The times for harvesting and planting cotton are reversed in both hemispheres i.e. when it is the time of planting cotton in the Northern hemisphere, it is time to harvest cotton in the Southern hemisphere. Cotton is mostly cultivated between 37 º N and 32  º S; however, its cultivation has been extended to 45  º N in China. US paper currency isnt paper at all; it is a blend of 75% cotton lint and 25% linen. Cotton in the United States and Government subsidies. The state of Texas has the highest production of cotton in the United States. Cotton has been the leading cash crop in the United States for very many years and is still currently the leading cash crop in the United States. Every year, the state ofShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The British Industrial Revolution1047 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurred from the mid 1700s to mid 1800s. The slave trade or rather the triangular trade was a major trade between Britain, Africa, and West Indies and the Americas. Britain had traded manufactured goods to Africa, who then traded slaves to the plantations and they then traded produce goods like sugar and cotton. This trade played a significant role in the British history and economy. According to Eric Williams book, Capitalism and Slavery, the slave trade a played a key role in the funding of Britain’sRead MoreThe Scarcity Of Land During Virginia Made Planters Or Male Members With Their Families1741 Words   |  7 Pagesslaves, until 1808 this demand was met by a supply of slaves shipped from Africa. After 1808 the Trans-Atlantic trade ceased (at least officially), and the only legal means of acquiring of slaves was the domestic trade. After the 1820s, the domestic slave trade was commonly accepted as a ‘big business’, and the rise of cotton cultivation (King Cotton phenomenon) together with the federal ban on the slave import from Africa drove profits ever higher. As Gudmestad pointed out, by now the migrationRead MoreThe Obligations Of An Eighteenth Century Merchant923 Words   |  4 Pagesconstructed the initial trade networks that capitalism relied upon. In taking a broad based Atlantic perspective to capitalism Haggerty demonstrated that in order to understand the phenomenon historians will have to take an ever larger view of capitalist endeavors, they will have to step beyond Atlantic perspectives into a global or even transnational look at the subject. This is exactly what Sven Beckert attempts in Empire of Cotton: A global History. Beckert take on the study of capitalism by closelyRead MoreEssay on Was the British Empire a force for good or for evil?1438 Words   |  6 Pagessurvived throughout the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. In fact, the British withdrew from its last colony, Hong Kong, in 1997; indeed the empire lasted for a long time. It developed from India and spun to regions of Africa and Australia. The influence and the power of the empire spun around the world shaping it in different ways. This influence is still evident in many places that fell under its control (Ferguson, 2004). To many people the world is the way it is dueRead MoreThe Economic And Social Structure Of Africa1661 Words   |  7 PagesIn the past, research of Africa was not prioritized because it was believed that Africa had not influenced society and that it was not worth studying. Recently, however, more and more people are realizing the value of studying Africa. Studying different aspects of Africa help us understand Africans, ourselves, and the world as a whole. One field of study that should recognize what there is to learn from Africa is economics. Studying Africa gives us a better understanding of how economics influencesRead MoreThe Silk Road Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesand evolving network of overland trade routes that linked China, India, and western Eurasia for centuries. The trade route was key to the diffusion and transportation of technology, goods, religions, and language throughout Asia, the Mediterranean, Africa and southern Europe. As the strongest link between major population centers in the largest landmass on earth, the Silk Road was one of the most important of all long-distance trade routes in human history. Study of the Silk Road has made it obviousRead MoreThe African Of African Diaspora1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of the world is indeed, considered the study of African Diaspora. The term diaspora is commonly known to mean a settling of scattered colonies of people from their home country to another place. The study of African Diaspora represents a growth industry. Slavery has been a common theme throughout history. To conquer the oppression and adversity usually set into place for those whom are forced to leave their homeland, resiliency is essential. Humanity has molded and shaped the progress ofRead MoreColonization Of The Colonial System1473 Words   |  6 Pagescountry, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. Between 1870 and 1900, Africa faced European imperialist aggression, diplomatic pressure, military invasion and eventual conquest and colonization and at the same time African societies put up various forms of resistance against the attempt to col onize their countries and impose foreign domination. However, by the early twentieth century, all Africa except Liberia and Ethiopia was seized and occupied by the European imperial powers ofRead MoreA Study Of African History1384 Words   |  6 Pagesof West Africa, but little do they know African Americans were trading themselves way before then. Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as the navigator, was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic to the Indies.[1] Many Europeans thought that Africa s history was not important. They argued that Africans were inferior to Europeans and they used this to help justify slavery. However, the reality was very different. A study of African history shows that Africa was by noRead MoreOpression of Caribbean Peole817 Words   |  4 Pagesafter Columbuss journeys in 1492, 1496 and 1498. The desire for expansion and trade led to the settlement of the colonies. The indigenous peoples, mostly serene Tainos and hostile Caribs, proved to be unsuitable for slave labor in the newly formed plantations, and they were quickly and brutally defeated. The slave trade which had already begun on the West Coast of Africa provided the labor needed for the sugar, coffee, cotton and cocoa plantations in the Caribbean to thrive; and the period from 1496

Essay on Privacy Free Essays

Privacy can be defined as a cluster or collection of universal rights that are based on the idea of being free from observation or disturbance from other people. It encompasses the right to live, right to your body, your properties and also to information about you. We all have varying lifestyles and personalities, and having a personal space with no intrusion or without being judged by others is one of the most important aspects of privacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Privacy or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the advent of cyber technology, there has been a persistence violation of users’ privacy, mostly without the users’ knowledge. Atypical case will be that of a Cookie. A cookie is a data file that is placed on a computer by a website when a user visits the website. This file contains details about the user’s computer and sometimes personal details about the user like username, passwords, pages visited on the site and so on. Now, the information in this cookies are shared by ad networks in order to generate specific ads that will fit in to the user’s interests. While this might seem mild at first glance, the real issue lies in the fact that all these ads are generated to each user based on their online activities, which are constantly monitored thereby violating their privacy. According to Manjikian (2018) â€Å"A violation of privacy occurs if someone manipulates, without adequate justification the environment in ways that significantly diminish your ability to control what aspects of yourself you reveal to others† (p.83). This form of violation of privacy is common in today’s world in areas like Ubiquitous Computing, Data Mining, Web Usage Mining and many others. In this present age, we all make use of technology devices and so the associated privacy issues affect us in the areas specified below. Accessibility Privacy: this is the form of privacy that is concerned with who gets to have access to an individual’s information and to what extent should that access be. This is especially true in the case of an individual’s medical health records, where HIPAA mandates that an individual should give an informed consent before their health data is shared with anyone other than themselves. Common problem with accessibility privacy is the breach of data resulting from malicious acts or negligence. Decisional Privacy: this form of privacy is concerned with the protection of people and their personal or family decisions or information from the interference of others. A case study will be that of educational information which is protected by the FERPA act. FERPA (Federal Education Rights and Privacy Act) gives students above the age of 18 the right to limit or control who gets to view their educational records. Another application of this is in geo-location services. Users get the right to decide if they want an application to have access to their geo-location or not. Informational Privacy: this is the form of privacy that is concerned with the ability of an individual to control and manage information about them and the people this information is disclosed to. It is also called Data Privacy. Information in this case could be residence records, financial transactions, mailbox etc. Issues related to this are: Collection of excessive PII, disclosure and misuse of people’s information, monitoring of communication and so on. As long as we make use of technology devices, we cannot avoid dealing with the issues surrounding privacy. A good measure will be to keep implementing and enforcing rules to guard and protect people’s privacy, because loss of privacy causes loss of trust, confidence and a loss of beneficial contribution to the society. How to cite Essay on Privacy, Essays

Common Thesis mistakes free essay sample

What is a good question or professional researchers to address is not usually a good question for someone doing a PhD thesis in lone-scholar, no-budget mode. (Duodenal 2003, p. 20) But a topic that is too small makes it difficult for you to demonstrate that you have made a contribution to knowledge. Not being clear about your thesis topic. Try the dinner party [pub/disco] test. The challenge posed by having to explain your thesis topic can also be a salutary stimulant to clarifying your own thinking.During the course of your doctorate there will be gruesome occasions, at dinner parties or drinks with trainers, when someone turns to you and asks what it is you do. Once you admit to working on a doctorate, your conversation partners inevitable fellow-through is to ask about your subject. From this point on you have typically about two minutes to convince your normally skeptical inquisitor that you know what you are doing and that it is a worthwhile thing to be at. . So the dinner party test is always a frustrating experience to undergo, and many students feel that it is an impossible one for them to pass.To expect them to be able to capture the essence of their sophisticated and specialized epic, and to convey it in a few lines to a complete stranger, is just absurdly to underestimate what they are about. Yet in my view the test is a good one. If you cannot give a synoptic, ordinary language explanation in two or three minutes of what you are focusing on and what you hope to achieve, the chances are very high that in a very fundamental way you do not yet understand your thesis topic. (Duodenal 2003, up. 22-3) Not being able to express your thesis aim as a question.In a thesis you develop, state and justify a question, and then develop an answer (or a partial answer) to that question. You should be able to state your thesis problem as a single question, button may also have subsidiary questions that follow from the main one. In addition: Do not include any elements in your research question that will not be addressed in substantive and (hopefully) original ways by your analysis. Do not have elements of your research analysis or evidence that are not covered by the statement of your key research question. (Duodenal 2003, p. 276) Not having a bit of a puzzle to solve.You define the question: you deliver the answer. This proposition means that very effective PhD thesis should be genuinely personalized in some way. You should take a manageable part of the existing literatures questions or concerns, and then tailor or modify that topic so as to shape it so that it can be feasibly answered. The way that the question is shaped should be reasonably distinctive, coming at a subject from a personally chosen angle. If you have such a personalized (even mildly idiosyncratic) perspective then it is less likely to be adopted by other researchers during the course of your studies.It is best to try and frame your thesis around an intellectual problem or a radio, not around a gap. It needs to focus on a set of phenomena that ask for explanation, which you can express as a non-obvious puzzle and for which you can formulate an interesting and effective answer. Many PhD students from countries or disciplines with more empiricist approaches, or placing more emphasis on intellectual or social consensus, find the idea of problematic their thesis topic difficult and odd. They Often regard their chosen topic as obviously worthy of study or intrinsically interesting and important in common-sense terms alone.They see no puzzle r enigma in front of them, merely an empirical landscape only partially painted by previous authors, which is their opportunity. This is a dangerous state of mind to be in at the start of a doctorate. It is often associated with people picking overly derivative topics important at some previous levels of education, or taking on very conventionally framed subjects from the existing literature which are too large or difficult to resolve in a PhD. Above all, an unproblematic thesis topic normally provides students with no worthwhile intellectual focus or protection at the examination stage.It leaves open too many questions along the lines of: what is this thesis for? (Duodenal 2003, up. 23-4) Structure your thesis around a paradox, not around a gap ? a principle for clarifying the central research question or problematic of your thesis. You should aim to explain a non-obvious puzzle in an original way, not just to produce the first description of something not already (extensively) studied. (Duodenal 2003, p. 274) Not delivering what you promise. The conclusion to the thesis must match the introduction. Some examiners read these two chapters first, and then the body of the thesis.Not being able to focus each chapter on a single purpose, such as the answer too question. Each of your chapters should do a discrete and distinctive job, well signaled from its start, and effectively building the thesis. Assign one function to each chapter, and make sure that this role does not overlap with those of its neighbors. (Duodenal 2003, p. 206) A key orientating device here is a rolling thesis synopsis Of three or four pages. This document is for your own use and for your supervisors only. It greatly expands on your chapter plan or contents page by giving a paragraph f writing about what each chapter will say.The synopsis also expresses the main storyline of your thesis. You should write your first synopsis as early as possible in your first year. Thereafter it is vital to keep revising it, so that it is permanently up to date and always captures your latest thinking. The whole point of a rolling synopsis is that you should never be writing or working into a vacuum. As you work on one chapter you always need to have a paragraph or so about what later unwritten chapters will cover, and an accessible summary also of the key points made in chapters already written. The rolling synopsis should always concentrate on summarizing your substantive arguments and conclusions ? what you have claimed, what you have found out, and what you hope to discover. (Duodenal 2003, p. 53) Describing your research methods without explaining how they help to answer the main and subsidiary questions in your thesis. You should be able to explain precisely what methods will be used to answer each question, rather than have a general account of all the research methods used in the thesis. Ignoring the need-to-know principle.Need to know criterion ? a key principle to use in determining how much detail or information to include in your text. Ask: What do readers need to know in order to follow and appreciate my argument? Provide only enough set-up or background information to meet this need. (Duodenal 2003, p. 271) Early chapters should provide concepts, ideas and methods or tools which can be applied in later chapters, so that the thesis is a connected and cumulative argument. One way to manage this problem is to think about what you would like to be able to say at the end of the thesis (e. . l would like o be able to say which of two competing theories is the better explanation of some phenomenon, and why), and then work out what you have to find out and explain to be able to say this, what concepts, ideas and tools are needed, and what is the appropriate starting question that will lead to this answer. Designing your thesis backwards can save considerable wasted time and effort, and ensure that you can actually answer the research question, but this is not something you can do in the first few months of your research.The need-to-know criterion should particularly be applied to literature reviews. The material in these reviews should either contribute to developing or justifying a research question, or provide concepts, ideas and tools that are used to develop answers. Literature reviews that are summaries, with little comment, evaluation or attempt at synthesis of different views. Also think carefully about where to put the literature review material. It doesnt all have to be in one blockbuster chapter, and some can go in the findings chapters.The appropriate division will vary from thesis to thesis. Insufficient chapters on your own findings. So much then for the organization of the whole. But this section is also about the core of your thesis ? which may be simply defined as all those sections with high research value-added. The core contributes to originality either by the discovery of new facts or by the exercise of independent critical power. This set of chapters contains all the most substantively new or different sections of your research, the ones that determine if you get a doctorate or not.In a big book thesis not all of your doctorate can or should fall into the core. There will also be a certain irreducible amount of non-core materials, composed of: Lead-in material, which introduces and sets up core material for readers so that it is understandable and accessible. Sometimes dismissively labeled as throat-clearinghouse, lead-in sections or chapters always require careful management. None the less they often loom much larger to students in terms Of their length, and their writing and rewriting time, than their eventual role in the final thesis would justify. Readers often page through lead-in materials quite quickly, looking mainly for the beef to be found later in the core sections. Lead-out materials do the book-closing role for large theses, providing an integrating summation or restatement of what has been found, and setting it in a wider context. To get a doctorate (and to do a good thesis more broadly) the size of the core matters a great deal. You must make sure that there are enough core chapters, and that they are big enough in terms of the total wordage of your thesis, to color the whole thing as an original piece of work.My suggested rule of thumb for big book theses is that 50,000 out of the 80,000 words of main text must be core materials. That is, appreciably more than half of your text should be original-sis stuff, reporting primary research that you have undertaken, or making new and distinctive arguments that you can plausibly claim to have originated or developed. This is a very demanding standard, but a therapeutic one . It throws into sharp focus the need to concentrate on your thesiss value-added elements.Do not end-load a big book thesis, leaving all the good bits squeezed into the last third or quarter of the text, as many people do. A recurring problem in most humanities and social sciences disciplines is that students spend so much time and effort on writing lead-in materials that they create a long, dull, owe-value sequence of chapters before readers come across anything original. To check your own plan, count the number of chapters and the number of pages that readers must scan through before they come to the core.Overextending the lead-in stuff will also squeeze out the time needed to do your core research and write it up properly. Long legacy chapters (often literature reviews or methods descriptions inherited from your first one or two years of study) also restrict the text space you have available to set out the core properly. (Dundee. Y 2003, up. 49-51) Miscalculating your time in reading and writing. Think of the implications of the advice above. Chapter conclusions which are section-by-section summaries of the chapter. Conclusions should be about what the chapter has contributed towards the development of the thesis.This could be the elaboration of some key questions, the identification of some concepts and tools that will be used in later analysis, or an answer to part of a research question. Too many subheadings. Breaking a chapter into lots of sections and subsections fragments the chapter and makes it harder to develop a coherent argument. Complex numbering systems like 3. 2. 3 and 3. 2. 3. 1 can produce confusion rather than order, particularly if the headings are in the same font and therefore look the same. Try using subheadings with different font sizes or styles, without numbers, as is normal in journals and books.This provides a better indication of the level and importance of the heading. For example, Geographical Research has only two levels of heading: First order headings Second order headings Repetition. The say it once and say it right approach urges you not to blur the argumentative impact of a single connected set of points about X by dissipating them in dribs and drabs, a little bit here and then again there and somewhere else a third time. Instead you should pull together all the related little into one, big bloc X argument.In weakly organized text this idea can again be a great force for good. Nothing is so corrosive of readers confidence in an author than the feeling that they are simply re-encountering material already described in a disorganized text, or are revisiting in only a marginally varied form points made already, perhaps for the third, fourth or fifth time. But some degree of linking back and forth across a text is inevitable and necessary. For instance, cross-referencing and short reminder passages can often be justified on the need to know criterion.Radically overdoing a say it once and say it right logic may sometimes push an already well-structured text into inaccessibility, denying readers the warm-up links that they need to grasp a wider pattern of argument. (Duodenal 2003, p. 1 09) Thinking that you will remember a good idea, and not writing it down immediately. Jotting thoughts down whenever you have them is a second seemingly obvious but actually crucial aspect of increasing your creativity. Nothing is so evanescent as your own good ideas, so fleetingly present and so easily lost. One of the most famous social psychology articles sheds light on this issue, focusing on the magical number seven, plus or minus two. Empirical research shows that on average we can all of us hold only about seven ideas at the forefront of our attention. Very clever people are perhaps able to focus on nine ideas at once, while less adept people (like me) may only be able to concentrate on five ideas at a time. When we are confronted by larger sets or anger lists of ideas we tend to react by randomly dropping some elements from the forefront of our attention.Hence if you think of a lot of ideas without jotting them down, you may appropriately be anxious that you will forget them. (Duodenal 2003, p. 35) Carry a thesis notebook around with you, because ideas come at strange times and in strange places. Neglecting to keep a full record of everything you read. Keep a record of what you have read, where it is located, and any comments. See an example on the next page. Build your bibliography as you read, as a Word file. Inadequate backup system.